The Moorish idol (Zanclus cornutus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zanclidae. It is the only member of the monospecific genus Zanclus and the only extant species within the Zanclidae. This species is found on reefs in the Indo-Pacific region.

DESCRIPTION

• The Moorish idol's body is highly compressed and disc-like in shape with a tube-like snout and small bony protuberances above the eyes in adults.

• The mouth is small and has many long, bristle like teeth.

• There are no spines or serrations on the preoperculum or caudal peduncle.

• The dorsal fin is supported by 6 or 7 spines, which are elongated into a long filament which resembles a whip, and between 39 and 45 soft rays. The anal fin contains 3 spines and between 31 and 37 soft rays.

• The maximum published total length is 23 cm (9.1 in), although 21 cm (8.3 in) is more typical.

•  They have a white background colour, with two wide black vertical bands on the body with a yellow patch on the posterior end of the body and a yellow saddle on the snout.

• The caudal fin is black with a white margin.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT

• The Moorish idol has a wide range in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are found from the eastern coast of Africa between Somalia and South Africa east to Hawaii and Easter Island.

• They are also found in the eastern Pacific from the southern Gulf of California to Peru, including many islands such as the Galapagos and Cocos Island.

• It is a benthopelagic fish which is found at depths between 3 and 182 m (9.8 and 597.1 ft) in turbid lagoons, over reef flats and in the clear water on rocky and coral reefs.

BEHAVIOUR

• Moorish idols feed on sponges, coral polyps, tunicates and other benthic invertebrates.

• They are normally found in small groups of 2 or 3 individuals but they can also be solitary or gather in large schools.

•  They have a long pelagic larval stage and this is why they are so widespread and geographically uniform.

•  These fishes are pelagic spawners the males and females release sperm and eggs into the water and the eggs drift away on the current following fertilization.