Haludaria melanampyx, commonly known as the Melon Barb or Blackbanded Barb, is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the Western Ghats of India. Belonging to the Cyprinidae family, this species is typically found in the streams and rivers of Karnataka and Kerala. Recognizable by its distinctive black vertical band and golden to silver body coloration, Haludaria melanampyx is a popular species among aquarists and an important part of its native aquatic ecosystems.

MORPHOLOGY

• Body Shape: Elongated and compressed body.

• Size: Typically grows to about 7-8 cm in length.

COLORATION:

• Silver to golden body color.

• Distinct black band running vertically through the body, starting from the dorsal fin to the ventral side.

• Juveniles have a more prominent black band, which may fade as they mature.

Fins:

• Dorsal fin: Has 7-8 spines and 8-10 soft rays.

• Anal fin: Equipped with 3 spines and 8-10 soft rays.

• Pectoral fin: Consists of 14-15 rays.

• Caudal fin: Moderately forked with distinct rays.

Scales:

• Lateral line scales: 27-29, often interrupted.

• Predorsal scales: 13-16.

• Cheek scales: Arranged in 2 rows.

UNIQUE FEATURES

• Distinct Black Band: The most distinguishing feature of Haludaria melanampyx is the black band that runs vertically along the body.

Sexual Dimorphism:

• Males often display brighter coloration during the breeding season.

• Females are typically fuller-bodied compared to males.

Teeth: 

• Minute teeth are present on the vomer, palatines, and tongue, which is a characteristic feature of this species.

Spines:

• Supraorbital spines number 1-5, usually 3 or 4.

• A prominent retrorse spine is present on the preorbital, just below the anterior nostril.

REPRODUCTION

Breeding Behavior:

• Spawning Season: Primarily during the monsoon season.

• Breeding Sites: Prefers to spawn in areas with dense vegetation.

• Egg Deposition: Females scatter eggs among submerged plants.

Development:

• Eggs: Hatch within 24-48 hours, depending on water temperature.

• Larvae: Free-swimming within a few days post-hatching.

• Captive Breeding: Successfully bred in captivity, although mimicking their natural conditions is crucial for successful reproduction.

HABITAT

Natural Habitat:

• Type: Demersal, found in freshwater, brackish, and occasionally in marine environments.

• Location: Inhabits rivers, streams, and lakes with clear, oxygen-rich water.

• Water Parameters:

pH Range: 7.2-8.2.

• Temperature: Prefers slightly warm waters, ranging from 22°C to 28°C.

Environment:

• Typically found in slow-moving waters with a sandy or rocky substrate.

• Often associated with dense aquatic vegetation, which provides shelter and breeding grounds.

• Amphidromous Nature: Capable of moving between different water types (freshwater, brackish, marine) during its life cycle.